Dados do Trabalho

Título

EMERGING TRENDS IN RENAL PELVIS CANCER: A COMPREHENSIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF A DECADE IN BRAZIL (2014-2023)

Resumo

Kidney cancer in adults encompasses renal cell carcinoma, the predominant form originating in the parenchyma, and renal transitional cell carcinoma, which arises in the renal pelvis. Given its rarity, renal transitional cell carcinoma has not been extensively examined in epidemiologic studies. This study aims to analyze the epidemiological profile of renal pelvis cancer in Brazil from 2014 to 2023. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with secondary data obtained from the DATASUS database. Throughout the period, 2,983 cases of malignant neoplasm of the renal pelvis were diagnosed in Brazil, with 58% (1,732) of patients being male and 42% (1,251) female. The number of diagnoses increased by 463% in the last five years analyzed (2019-2023) compared to the first five (2014-2018), with 2019 having the highest number of diagnoses (560). The 60-64 and 65-69 age groups had the highest number of cases, with 460 and 440 diagnoses in the last 10 years, respectively. The population aged 60 years old and above represents approximately 62% (1,840) of diagnoses in this period, while the population under 20 years old represents around 4% of cases (132). Among the reported cases with staging information (589), approximately 68% were at stage 4, indicating infiltration into adjacent organs and being associated with a worse prognosis. Only 5% of cases were diagnosed at stage 1, when the tumor has not yet invaded the muscle layer. Among the cases with available data on therapeutic modalities (2,019), it was inferred that 70.8% underwent surgery, 24.9% underwent chemotherapy, and 4.25% underwent radiotherapy. When comparing regions, the Southeast consistently had the highest diagnosis rate throughout all the analyzed years, comprising approximately 45% of all diagnoses in the period. Based on the information presented, it is evident that diagnoses of malignant neoplasm of the renal pelvis in Brazil have increased significantly in recent years, contrary to the latest global estimates. This observation could indicate an improvement in Brazilian diagnoses over the last five years or an actual increase in the prevalence of the disease. Nevertheless, it is imperative to implement more effective measures in the country to enable earlier diagnoses, as staging remains the most crucial prognostic factor for carcinoma of the renal pelvis.