MD by the State University of Pernambuco. Residency in Internal Medicine by Federal University of Pernambuco. Post-Doctoral Fellowship in Clinical Laboratory Immunology by the NIH. PhD in Clinical Pathology at University of São Paulo. PhD in Experimental Immunology at University of Amsterdam. Former Staff Clinician and Co-Director of Immunology Service, Dep. of Laboratory Medicine, NIH. Currently Director of Genetics at Hospital Albert Einstein in São Paulo.